Depressing news regarding the lack of global will to avert dire environmental consequences was a serious downer this week. Not only is nothing being done to slow the emissions of carbon dioxide, but we have managed to do worse that the worst case scenarios estimated by scientists just a decade ago.
So why is humanity unable to collaborate on what obviously is the most pressing issue facing us? Perhaps we have proceeded far enough down the wrong path that returning to a pre-industrial society no longer even enters the realm of most people’s understanding. Perhaps happiness has been high-jacked and has been definitively equated with consumption of material goods. I did find some solace, however, in the fact that over 2000 years ago there was already an understanding of what constituted happiness. Epicurus clearly articulated that which would make anybody happy:
1. peace and freedom from fear
2. the absence of pain
3. being surrounded by friends
Despite a couple dozen centuries of progress, we have come no closer to attaining these. In fact, our current system promotes fear and robs us of time for friends. While suffering from disease and injury has been mitigated by modern medicine, our industrial system has thrown many new ways of inflicting pain into the mix as well (weapons, increased environmental toxicity, unhealthy diets).
Fear without a doubt is the biggest factor in making happiness more elusive. Our society is controlled by fear: the fear of not having employment, the fear not being able to support yourself in retirement, the fear of not getting a desirable enough education, and of course the fear encouraged by the media that the most depraved members of our society will violate us. It is little wonder that humans are not able to see past their own web of fear, and address the far more real concern of our environmental degradation.
Back in 280 BCE, Epicurus eschewed the societal norms of that time and accepted both women and slaves into his school. Here, they developed a philosophy that inspired thinkers famous in our own time. John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, and Karl Marx all used epicurean principles in their writings. It came as little surprise to me that the school was known as ‘The Garden’.
Part of what Epicureans saw as a marker of happiness is self-sufficiency and simplicity. In today’s world, interdependence is probably higher than it has ever been before. The vast majority of the food which I eat comes from who knows where and is grown by who knows who. As for simplicity… this word is so filled with nostalgia that it is now used as a marketing device for everything from dish soap to computers. Real simplicity only exists as an ideal completely independent from the society we have created.
While our world seemingly gets ever more complex and convoluted, I get a nagging feeling that future societies will be forced into living out the Epicurean ideals… leading simple lives, minimizing our desires, and surrounding ourselves with friends.